Anxiety and Coronary Heart Disease in Indonesia
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major health problem worldwide. Anxiety is an important risk factor as well as consequence for CHD patients. How CHD patients appraise their illness and how they cope will reduce or heighten their anxiety and influence the course of the disease. Most patients with CHD in Indonesia draw on internal and external resources such as support by the family or religiosity, as well as the sparse information given them by the medical personnel to tackle the problems following CHD and alleviating their anxiety. This preliminary research first found the relationships between coping, especially religious coping, and anxiety among CHD patients in Indonesia. Which coping strategy is correlated with a lower level of anxiety depends on extra-personal factors such as social support and cultural differences, and internal factors such as demographic and clinical status, personality type, hostility, depression, and optimism. Positive religious coping is associated with a lower level of anxiety and negative religious coping is associated with a higher level of anxiety among CHD patients. Second the impact of information provided to CHD patients in Indonesia through videotape lead them to more objectively build cognitive representation of their illness that adjust their beliefs about the disease and lead them to apply a better coping strategy which in time reduces the level of anxiety.